TORO by German Aerospace Center (DLR)
UNK.
Germany Germany
German Aerospace Center (DLR) Humanoid

TORO

TORO by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is a 1.74 m torque-controlled humanoid with 39 DOF for locomotion and manipulation research, deployed and integrated across Southeast Asia by Nexon System.

Last updated: 01 Jul 2025

Overview

TORO is a torque-controlled research humanoid from the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Germany, standing about 1.74 m tall and weighing roughly 76 kg. A benchmark humanoid robot for whole-body control, it advances the science of dynamic bipedal walking and manipulation.

It moves through 39 degrees of freedom powered by 25 motor drive units based on KUKA LWR technology, combining RoboDrive brushless DC motors, Harmonic Drive gears, torque and position sensors and brakes, with Dynamixel servos in the neck. Sensing includes 6-DOF force/torque sensors in each ankle, joint position and torque sensors, torso and head IMUs, and stereo cameras with an ASUS Xtion sensor. It runs a real-time Linux system with Links and Nodes middleware and a Robotkernel hardware-abstraction layer, and works for about 60 minutes per charge.

Those torque-controlled foundations make it a premier platform for locomotion and manipulation research and advanced manufacturing studies. Its compliant, torque-based control lets researchers study balance, multi-contact motion and safe interaction that stiff position-controlled robots cannot easily replicate.

Nexon System supports the DLR TORO for research institutions across Southeast Asia, delivering commissioning, whole-body control and task programming, and integration with your research and data systems. We add training and reliable support so your team can concentrate on the science. Talk to Nexon to plan a humanoid research program.

Technical Specifications

ManufacturerGerman Aerospace Center (DLR)
Country of OriginGermany
ClassificationHumanoid
Height1.74 m
Weight76 kg
Degrees of Freedom (DoF)39
Battery Life60 mins
Sensors6-DOF force/torque sensors in each ankle. Position and torque sensors in each joint. Inertial measurement units on torso and head. Stereo cameras, ASUS Xtion Pro depth sensor, Intel RealSense SR300, and FLIR/Point Grey Firefly monochrome cameras in the head.
Actuators25 motor drive units based on KUKA LWR technology, including RoboDrive brushless DC motors, Harmonic Drive gears, torque and position sensors, and brakes. Two Dynamixel servos control the neck joints.
Software / OSClosed Source · Real-time Linux operating system with kernel 4. Middleware Links and Nodes for real-time communication. Robotkernel hardware abstraction framework. ZMP-based walking algorithms and torque control software. · Two Intel Core i7 processors in the torso for real-time control and high-level planning, plus Intel Core i3 and ARM7 processors in the head for sensor processing.
Nexon IntegrationFull support – Installation, Programming & Maintenance

Applications & Use Cases

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